Clin Nucl Med. Coronary giant cell arteritis and acute myocardial infarction. Arq Bras Cardiol. Monteiro ML. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a comparison of the optic disc area of patients with the arteritic and non-arteritic forms of the disease and that of normal controls.
Arq Bras Ophthalmol. The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Implication of the age in the clinical spectrum of giant cell arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. The epidemiology of giant cell arteritis including temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica.
Incidences of different clinical presentations and eye complications. Sex differences in temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. J Rheumatol. Effects of gender and sex steroids on the immune response. J Steroid Biochem. Trends in incidence and clinical presentation of temporal arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, Influence of age, sex, and place of residence on clinical expression of giant cell arteritis in Northwest Spain.
Sex differences in giant cell arteritis. Risk factors for visual loss in an Italian population-based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis. Visual manifestations of giant cell arteritis. Trends and clinical spectrum in patients. Medicine Baltimore. Risk factors for cranial complications of GCA. Aortic aneurysm and dissection in patients with biopsyproven giant cell arteritis from Northwestern Spain: a population-based study.
Large artery involvement in giant cell temporal arteritis. Ann Intern Med. Treatment of giant cell arteritis using induction therapy with high-dose glucocorticoids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized prospective clinical trial.
Adjunctive methotrexate for treatment of giant cell arteritis: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Relapses and recurrences in giant cell arteritis: a population-based study of patients with biopsy-proven disease from northwestern Spain. Glucocorticoid therapy in giant cell arteritis: duration and adverse outcomes.
Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a 5-year epidemiologic and clinical study in Reggio Emilia, Italy. Long-term corticosteroid treatment in giant cell arteritis. Acta Med Scan. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with giant cell arteritis.
Low-dose aspirin and prevention of cranial ischemic complication in giant cell arteritis. Impact of antiplatelet therapy in the development of severe ischemic complications and in the outcome of patients with giant cell arteritis. Large vessel involvement in biopsyproven giant cell arteritis: prospective study in 40 newly diagnosed patients using CT angiography.
Ann Rheum Dis. Publication Dates Publication in this collection 17 Apr Date of issue The sector indicators for retail trade and professional services are available for , , and The geographical coverage varies according to the vintage. All the OECD member countries are included in each vintage. Other non-OECD countries have been added over time, some of these indicators have been produced in collaboration with the World Bank Group.
Please be aware that the indicator values from to are comparable, however the methodology has considerably changed in and at present past vintages cannot be compared with the PMR indicators. The OECD makes this data available for use and consultation free of charge. Individual Working Papers describe the key results and the methodology used to build the PMR indicators for the years , , and The questionnaires varied from vintage to vintage: , , , and Indicators on the Governance of Sector Regulators.
The Indicators on the Governance of Sector Regulators capture the governance arrangements of economic regulators in the energy, e-communications, rail transport, air transport and water sectors.
Values are available for and note that the scope and content of the questionnaire changed between these two vintages. Reference : Casullo, L. Durand, and F. These areas covered include: the legal powers to investigate and impose sanctions on antitrust infringements and to investigate, remedy, or block mergers; approaches toward the assessment of horizontal and vertical agreements, exclusionary conducts and mergers; accountability and procedural fairness of the institutions enforcing the competition law; and competition advocacy.
Reference: Alemani, E. The REGIMPACT indicators measure the impact of the regulatory set-up in the energy, communications and transport sectors, as measured by the PMR sectoral indicators, on 37 non-manufacturing industries that use the output of these sectors as intermediate inputs. O CMP no nosso estudo foi mais elevado do que o de outras capitais brasileiras.
Perinatal mortality is conceptually defined as the sum of fetal and neonatal deaths. Neonatal and perinatal mortality: country, regional and global estimates. Geneve; Its first component, the fetal mortality rate FMR , is the ratio between the deaths of fetuses with more than 22 weeks of gestational age stillbirths and the number of births in a given locality, on a specified time interval.
Early neonatal mortality rate ENMR , by its turn, is the number of deaths of neonates up until seven days after birth divided by the number of live births in a given locality, on a specified time interval. Abiding by standardization, this ratio is expressed per 1, live births LB , and the temporal frame usually employed is of a year.
Standard terminology for fetal, infant, and perinatal deaths. Thus, the perinatal mortality rate PMR is the sum of deaths occurring from the 22 nd week of gestation to the 7 th day of extrauterine life. This coefficient is a relevant parameter for evaluating the quality of public health in a country, and, more specifically, the quality of assistance provided to both pregnant women and infants, reflecting further the socioeconomic context to which mother and child pertain.
Addressing the challenge of neonatal mortality. Trop Med Int Health. In order to diminish Brazilian maternal and neonatal mortality, federal programs to improve the quality of assistance of expecting mothers and neonates have gained force on the last decades.
Deficient prenatal care became one of the main factors to be focused on the struggle against perinatal mortality. A better structured prenatal follow-up could curb a great percentage of deaths, and from this stems the concept of potentially avoidable deaths. This network could intervene on lacking aspects of care based on the collecting and processing of updated sociodemographic data about the causes of perinatal mortality in each region of the country. A form for data gathering was applied, in which the following variables were checked and filled for each included death: maternal age, maternal education level, type of pregnancy singleton versus multiple , mode of delivery vaginal versus cesarean , place of death inside versus outside hospital , time of death in regards to delivery antepartum versus during parturition versus post-partum, for fetal deaths; on the 1 st hour of life versus between the 1 st and 24 th hour of life versus between the 1st and 6th day of life, for neonatal deaths , gestational age, and birth weight.
Exclusion criteria were absence of information on the registry about mode of delivery or gestational age. Graphs were constructed with the aid of GraphPad Prism version 5. We used descriptive statistics for univariate analysis.
Double-entry tables and Chi-Square Test were used for bivariate analysis. A significance level of 0. Between January 1 st , and December 31st, , a total of 1, perinatal deaths were registered in Teresina, from which were of fetuses with more than 22 weeks of age, and of infants up to 7 days of age. PMR fluctuated between We found a statistical significant association between fetal deaths and both maternal age and maternal education level. Gestational age in which most fetal deaths occurred was between 32 and 36 weeks, from to Singleton pregnancies prevailed on registries The most frequent mode of delivery was vaginal Concerning early neonatal deaths on the five-year period analyzed, The majority of mothers of the deceased infants was between 20 and 27 years-old and had a singleton pregnancy.
On the period, only 32 deaths from twin pregnancies and 6 deaths from triplets pregnancies were registered, while singleton pregnancies accounted for deaths. Sri Lanka. European Commission. United Kingdom. United States. British Columbia. Cote d'Ivoire. New Zealand. March Allocation of Implementation Funding:. September See All Documents. Market-based Approach Fact 15 of Brazil's 27 states have laws on climate change policy.
Three components of work are defined to feed into this paper: Component 1: analytical studies aimed at developing alternative design options, covering both carbon tax and emissions trading; Component 2: impact assessment of the policy tools identified in Component 1; and Component 3: strategy to strengthen the understanding of carbon pricing instruments among stakeholders through engagement, communication, and consultation.
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