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Vitamin B12 deficiency: Recognition and management. Am Fam Physician ; Biomarkers and algorithms for the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency. Front Mol Biosci ; Age-specific reference ranges are needed to interpret serum methylmalonic acid concentrations in the US population.
Am J Clin Nutr ; Vitamin B12 deficiency. Nat Rev Dis Primers ; Nutrients ; Foods and supplements associated with vitamin B 12 biomarkers among vegetarian and non-vegetarian participants of the Adventist Health Study-2 AHS-2 Calibration study. Vitamin B12 concentrations in milk from Norwegian women during the six first months of lactation.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; Food and Drug Adminstration. Systematic review on daily vitamin B12 losses and bioavailability for deriving recommendations on vitamin B12 intake with the factorial approach. Ann Nutr Metab ; Bioavailability of vitamin B Int J Vitam Nutr Res ; Dietary sources of vitamin B and their association with plasma vitamin B concentrations in the general population: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study.
Plasma vitamin B concentrations relate to intake source in the Framingham Offspring study. Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Food and Drug Administration. Dietary Supplement Label Database. Paul C, Brady DM. Comparative bioavailability and utilization of particular forms of B 12 Supplements with potential to mitigate B 12 -related genetic polymorphisms. Integr Med ; How I treat cobalamin vitamin B12 deficiency. Blood ; A single-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled study to evaluate the relative efficacy of sublingual and oral vitamin B-complex administration in reducing total serum homocysteine levels.
J Altern Complement Med ; Replacement therapy for vitamin B12 deficiency: Comparison between the sublingual and oral route. Br J Clin Pharmacol ; Normalization of plasma vitamin B12 concentration by intranasal hydroxocobalamin in vitamin Bdeficient patients. Gastroenterology ; Intranasal treatment of vitamin B 12 deficiency in children.
Eur J Pediatr ; Effect of administration route on the pharmacokinetics of cobalamin in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp ; Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. What We Eat in America, BMJ ;g Cobalamin status from pregnancy to early childhood: Lessons from global experience.
B-vitamins and prevention of dementia. Proc Nutr Soc ; Monitoring of vitamin B nutritional status in the United States by using plasma methylmalonic acid and serum vitamin B Oral vitamin B 12 versus intramuscular vitamin B 12 for vitamin B 12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly: Is it worth screening? Hong Kong Med J ; Vitamin B12 status in older adults living in Ontario long-term care homes: pPincidence of deficiency with supplementation as a protective factor.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab ; Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review. World J Gastroenterol ; Epidemiology of chronic atrophic gastritis: Population-based study among older adults from Germany.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther ; Geriatr Gerontol Int ; Advances in mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of pernicious anemia. Discov Med ; High prevalence of vitamin B insufficiency in patients with Crohn's disease.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr ; Micronutrient deficiencies Are common in contemporary celiac disease despite lack of overt malabsorption symptoms. Mayo Clin Proc ; Prevalence and risk factors for functional vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis ; Associations between folate and vitamin B12 levels and inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis. Oral cyanocobalamin is effective in the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency in Crohn's disease.
Optimization of vitamin suppletion after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery can lower postoperative deficiencies: a randomized controlled trial. Medicine Baltimore ;e Early changes in vitamin B12 uptake and biomarker status following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Clin Nutr ; Efficacy of oral compared with intramuscular vitamin B supplementation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A randomized controlled trial.
The prevalence of cobalamin deficiency among vegetarians assessed by serum vitamin B A review of literature. Vitamin B in human milk: A systematic review. Adv Nutr ;ss. Vegan-vegetarian diets in pregnancy: Danger or panacea? A systematic narrative review.
Bjog ; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev ; Elevated plasma vitamin B12 levels and cancer prognosis: A population-based cohort study. Cancer Epidemiology ; J Clin Oncol ; Folate supplementation: Too much of a good thing? Vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine and risk of pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis.
Nutr J ; Association of vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine with risk of breast cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer ; Intakes of folate, methionine, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with risk of esophageal and gastric cancer in a large cohort study.
OM3 randomized trial. Arch Intern Med ; Nutrition Facts for Swiss Cheese. Nutrition Facts for Hard Boiled Eggs. View Source. Source: Office of Dietary Supplements. Supplements are recommended for people in this group. Metformin - often used for type II diabetes, Metformin may interfere with vitamin B12 absorption in certain people.
Histamine antagonists, such as cimetidine Tagamet , famotidine Pepcid , and ranitidine Zantac , used to treat peptic ulcer disease, can reduce absorption of vitamin B12 by slowing the release of hydrochloric acid into the stomach. Bacteriostatic Antibiotics, like Chloramphenicol Chloromycetin , can interfere with the red blood cell response to vitamin B12 supplements. Anticonvulsants - Anticonvulsants have been shown to interfere with vitamin B12 and vitamin B9 Folate metabolism.
Protection Against Heart Disease - Adequate levels of vitamins B12, B6 , and B9 have been shown to lower levels of a protein in the blood: homocysteine.
Lower levels of homocysteine have been shown to improve endothelial function, which in turn may boost cardiovascular health and decrease risk of heart attacks. Due to limitations with creating long-term controlled studies in human populations, no definite link between increased vitamin B12 levels and cognitive function has been found, however, several observational studies suggest increased homocysteine levels increase the incidence of Alzheimer's disease and dementia, and low levels of vitamin B12 have been associated with cognitive decline.
Adequate levels of vitamin B12 are necessary to maintain normal energy levels. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician. Thanks for visiting.
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